ABSTRACT: This paper investigates the determinants of households’ expenditure in Chau Thanh A district, Hau Giang province. Data collected through interviewing 200 households at random and the method of multivariate regression analysis, results indicate that there are 4 positive impact factor and mean to household spending including education level, family size, household income, and the scale of assets whose value is greater than 10 million. The research results were also confirmed for the previous studies and proposed a number of solutions for both the researcher and the policy makers doing the necessary policies needed to consider related to spending of the households in Chau Thanh A district, Hau Giang province in particular and in the Mekong Delta in general

ABSTRACT: MPLS is an advanced forwarding scheme which allows the network to achieve the benefits provided by traffic engineering techniques. The establishment of an end to end LSP between two IP/MPLS networks inter connected through an ATM backbone is still an open issue. This focuses in an MPLS ATM environment and address problem of provisioning a fast LSP establishment with certain QOS between 2 MPLS sub networks inter connected through an ATM backbone. The PNNI is used in ATM backbone as a routing and signaling protocol. In order to achieve the paper objectives and new PNNI elements are defined and evaluated. Voice has been the primary application in wireless network to date. However packet based application and higher bandwidth requirements to sustain these applications are ever emerging. As in wire line packet based networks while IP routing is well understood IP network by itself is still not achieved and its depart on the backbone that can offer QOS guarantee. MPLS is a newer technology that offer service information layer 2 switching and connection oriented that allows traffic engineering control traffic flows in the network. The purpose of it to show how MPLS QOS Architecture can be employed to provide traffic engineering in broadband wireless network.

ABSTRACT: Authors’ challenge was to resolve problems raised by genetic variability inside test groups used in research, animal testing requires uniform test groups such as age and genetic background fact solved using assisted reproduction. The tools developed in this program were meant to be also used in wildlife preservation, genetic material harvesting, preservation and long distance transport, considering the fact that human interference disturbed natural gene passage from different animal groups. This task was solved by electro ejaculation as technique used for harvesting male gametes, so we developed a multitasking tool able to produce rectal stimulation and monitor various parameters at the probe sight simultaneously. Comparing to the existing products, the strengths of the new developed instrument are: portability, versatility, configurability, connectivity and the reliability in field conditions.

ABSTRACT: Development of the efficient labor market requires an integrated problem-solving orientation and socialization of youth employment, evaluating all the stages of reproduction of the labor force. The process of mass depreciation of the educational potential due to, first of all, start with the middle of the 1990s, weakening the links between the labor market and the education system. More and more Russians seeking higher education diploma actually serves as a pass to the best jobs. There is a need for new social conditions of society to determine the value of vocational education in the general system of values of young people in the process of professional development; determine the importance of education for successful employment socialization of young people. After determining the supply of labor, as well as potential number of employers, it is possible to create integrated models of education and employment, generate demand, according to the qualification requirements and professional skills, and prognosis the further development of both: labor market and higher education sector.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the current study is to identify predictors of intention to undertake further study among employees. Data regarding employees’ intention and related variables were collected from five private companies and eight government agencies at a municipality council in Malaysia. In this study, hundred and twenty employees were fully completed the questionnaire. Ten predictors and one dependent variable (Intention) were defined. A series of six-step analyses of step-wise multiple linear regression was performed. The findings show the linearity assumption about the association between predictors and dependent variable (Intention) is fulfilled. A significant portion of the variability in dependent variable (Intention) is explained by multiple regressions on the predictors. A positive 0.817 regression coefficient suggests that motivation level is the most influential predictor in predicting employees’ intention to undertake further study.

ABSTRACT: The use of GIS or Geographical information System to query the places where the endangered species can be planted is a suitable solution for their preservation and restoration in long-term. The Populous Caspica species are one of the natives endangeredspecies of hyircanian forest. This study has been done to finding suitable solution for planting and preservation of this species. Firstly, the digital layers influencing the query of this species were determined using GIS. Then, a unique map for the land form was obtained by overlaying the layers of altitude, slope and aspect layer. Through overlaying the layer of the land form map and the layer of soil type, environmental units’ map of level one was obtained. In the next stage, the map of level one and the rainfall precipitation layer and the region’s climate were overlaid and outrance map was obtained. The aim of this study is to query the places of these species based on its Echological feature in the18 watershed Guilan province. To reach the purpose utilization of overlaying layer are used based on makhdom model. As the results, 172 Hectare of region are suitable growth potential nominated And shows that this method has great accuracy and can be use as a reliable method to query the places.

ABSTRACT : Qeshm is located in the south of Iran. Wastewater systems in any society is bad and inefficient. that damage on the environment brings. However Human tries to rush to their needs with experience and understanding of the natural processes of interaction, and using technology to build their Industrial development is authorized. Sewage treatment reed have been born from the vision of man's increasing need to water daily decreases the natural resources provide. Location of the place is one of the main uses of GIS and GIS Nowadays many ignorant people are familiar with the location. But what is remembered today as the location of the equivalent site selection, the order of analysis that will lead to the best place or places to be for a specific user. Therefore, using multiple and very diverse, the various layers of spatial data according to the criteria considered, together are usually the places where the best places are introduced, and the resulting method. This study is the first layer and standards were prepared from different sources of information, then based on the opinions of experts using analytic hierarchy process weight classes, each benchmark was performed. For network training algorithm of back-propagation and a sigmoidal activation function was used, the results indicate that it is a very high correlation coefficient of the neural network was able to identify suitable areas. Finally, about 98 km Qeshm Island area were suitable for the construction of wastewater treatment plant that requires ground visits is the expert.

ABSTRACT: Contemporary architecture emphasizes on the sustainability and efficiency of natural lighting in structures. Traditional Iranian architecture on the other hand, uses natural light in order to create a friendly environment with various emotional responses in the users. Stained glass plays a major role in this heritage in the form of wooden framed windows with Girih designs called Orsi. Daylight passes through these orsis, and depending on the time of the day –which dictates the angle and corner through which lighting takes place- it projects different colors into the interior, creating different psychological stimulations in the viewer. Stained glass is used in this manner to manipulate the moods of the user thus playing a significant role in the environmental psychological effect. It is concluded that stained glass in traditional Iranian architecture helps in the creation of a sustainable environment and therefore architects could use tinted glazing to maximize the benefit of natural light in the space to create a more friendly and relaxing environment.

ABSTRACT: In order to identify site demands of Fraxinus excelsior L.species in Arasbaran forests, 16 plots were stablished in sites with different aspects.Some enviromental variables, including aspect, altitude, soil texture, sand, clay, and silt percent, electrical conductivity (EC), acidity (pH), Total Neutralizing Value (TNV), organic carbon (OC), Nitrogen (N), Potassium (K), and saturation percentage(SP), in each plot were studied.The distribution of Fraxinus excelsior species is in the altitudinal range of 800–1734meter.Soil texture varies from sandy loam to heavy sandy clay loam.Also, Soil acidity in the habitats in Arasbaran region was7.1 to 8, which indicates soil is calcareous.The rate of organic matter of the soil varies from1.9 to 7.5 percent, which implies appropriateness.The results of PCA(Principal Component Analysis) analysis showed that percentage of clay and sand in component one, and silt percentage in component two, were obtained as an effective variables.

ABSTRACT: The author’s purpose is to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the concept of Medicalisation. The author investigates whether well-defined lifestyles may contribute to the improvement of the quality of life for those who, to different extents, are compliant. It is rather difficult to discuss medicalisation. In particular they will be further discussed diabetic people with whom we will try to understand if the medicalization for them is an advantage or a disadvantage. They will discuss the findings from a study done through a web-survey publicized with the support of some Facebook pages, Twitter and various blogs that deal with the rights and health issues related to the daily lives of people with diabetes. Through this analysis it was possible to understand that for diabetics medicalization is a basic need with which you can get social recognition that otherwise would not have

ABSTRACT: Imunochistological markers has been slightly investigated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Bulgaria. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the expression of COX-2, iNOS and IGF-1R in IBD. This retrospective study included 18 patients with IBD- 9 (50%) patients had ulcerative colitis (UC) and 9 (50%) Crohn’s disease (CD) and 10 healthy persons whose colon biopsies were taken at the clinic of Gastroenterology in the University Hospital '' St. Ivan Rilski '' in Sofia. Archival material from paraffin blocks from endoscopic biopsies of the colon of the patients of the above groups was analyzed by the methods of immunohistochemistry using a standard immunoperoxidase method avidin- biotin. From UC patients, 5 (55%) had histological disease activity on the biopsy sample towards 4 (45%) without histological activity. iNOS, IGF-1R and COX-2 staining were negative in all controls. There was a statistically significant correlation between COX-2 expression in IBD and histological disease activity (R=0,553, p=0,017). Patients with histologically active disease had increase expression of COX-2 (46%) in biopsy samples. COX-2 was higher expressed in severe IBD using Spearman’s test (R=0,794, p=0,001). IGF-1R staining was present at high level in inflamated intestinal mucosa, lower in non-inflamated mucosa (R=0,559 p=0,016). A high relation was revealed between the expression of IGF-1R and iNOS (R=0,757) in tissue samples as well as with the severity of the disease (R=0,561). In this study we demonstrated high expression of COX-2, iNOS and IGF-1R in active ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.

ABSTRACT: This study aims to survey effects of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on performance improvement of resource equipping in the bank under study. The statistical population of the study consists of 150 CEOs of banks studied. Data pertaining to CRM was gathered through questionnaires and data related to bank performance regarding resource equipping by assessing documents and records before and after CRM utilization. Pearson Correlation test and regression analysis was used to analyze the data and evaluating hypotheses. Results indicated that there is a significant correlation between CRM and improvement of resource equipping performance in the bank studied in a way that Customer Relationship Management has a positive effect on improving resource equipping performance. We also found that, there was significant correlation between CRM dimensions including "focus on key customers", “CRM organization”, and “technology-based CRM”, and resource equipping performance. Finally, some recommendations are provided based on research findings.

ABSTRACT: While there are many Middle Eastern topics that are beyond the scope of Iran and Saudi Arabia, these two states not only have competed with one another for what they might view as regional supremacy (there are other regional military and economic powers as well such as Israel, Egypt, etc…), but these two states have also been in disagreement on a number of specific issues in the region; whether it is Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Bahrain, Yemen, or the production of oil, the regimes of Saudi Arabia and Iran tend to have different political interests on these matters. In the context of this historical analysis, the paper describes three core factors that have had the most influence on the relationship between Saudi Arabia and Iran: (1) identity differences between the Wahhabism and Shiism; (2) geo-economy of oil and petroleum and (3) geopolitical hegemony in Middle East.

ABSTRACT: Given the importance and necessity of students’ social education in the current society and the vast role of teacher, today, the education of socially skilled students is highly regarded by educational system. Given the important role of teachers in social life and future life of students, the author aims to introduce six key principles in students` social education. The target group, here, is teachers. They are expected to utilize such principles to be more effective in students` social success and excellence in community and community building.

ABSTRACT: A Family is small society created in the wake of a marriage contract .From its very beginning ,marriage, as a safe haven, encompasses man's life and produces a new wave in the network of kinship. The members of a family enjoy an intimate relationship with one another, and this connection is typically emotional .A family meets emotional needs of its members, and if the emotional requirements of a person is not met in their family, it may have negative consequences in their social life, and eventually, in the whole society. The most significant and ever-increasing family damage is divorce. However, the official statistics of divorce is not indicative of the full failure of couples in their marital life; rather, there is a bigger statistics that reveals the emotional divorces, i.e., latent lives and void families in which husbands and wives have a cold living. A plethora of parameters, such as individual, economic, social and ideological factors, can have roles in creating emotional divorces. This study, on the basis of its applied purpose and data-gathering method, is an analytical-survey research, and its purpose is to discover these parameters .The results of this study indicate that the most basic factor in emotional divorce is individual factor with the follow¬ing components : lack of love from my spouse, illogical behavior, lack of trust between the couples, and self-superiority of the couples.

ABSTRACT: Mental health is an important psychological and psychiatric topic with numerous studies being performed on it each year. Social communication is an important factor in human life. People turn to communicate with others to meet their own biological and psychological needs. Being skillful in this regard, also, causes their success and a better satisfaction of their social needs. The intimacy between people is another important factor depending on the effective communication. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between communication skills and familial intimacy with mental health. A sample of 276 was selected from the married students of M.Sc. in General Psychology and Clinical Psychology at Islamic Azad University of Zanjan, Iran, using convenience-sampling method. Applied tools included the following questionnaires: the Communication Skills by Jerabeck, the Familial Intimacy by Walker and Thompson, and the Mental Health by Goldenberg and Hiller. A positive significant relationship was found between communication skills and couples’ intimacy with mental health. A direct significant relationship was also found between communication skills and couples’ intimacy. The regression analysis indicated that the communication skills might significantly predict mental health. Therefore, it was concluded that students with better communication skills not only are high in their mental health, but also are more intimate. In addition, the more intimate students are in their families, the more mentally healthy they are.

ABSTRACT: In the last two decades, the formation of a wave of expectations from the contemporary society, with reference to the role of colleges and universities in economic and cultural development, along with the decrease of financial resources and other global flows in higher education has led to the contradiction of “improvement despite decrease in resources”. Therefore, nowadays, higher education centers are faced with so much pressure to improve the internal and external accountability; that is why the problem of accountability has been listed in the political instruction around the world. The present paper aims at presenting a model of effective accountability in public universities. Data of the study were collected from 20 university instructors and heads of this field. The concepts were classified and secondary and primal factors were analyzed. The core concept was found using open, pivotal and selective coding of the subjects forming effective accountability of public universities and the relations among them was emerged in the framework of Paradigm model which includes Causal conditions (7 Categories), Core Category (balanced accountability to the needs of the stakeholders), strategy (6 Categories), Context (5 Categories), Intervening conditions (4 Categories) and consequences (3 Categories).

ABSTRACT: Accompanied with the rapid changes in human societies and the development of internal and external relationships, and the enhancement of science and technology, new subjects with new legal, economic, and juridical concepts have appeared. Nowadays, new issues are raised that insurance deal is one of them. Insurance contract is one of the serious subjects that cover a vast realm of individual and social aspects of human life. The jurisconsults have different viewpoints regarding insurance deal. This study under rubric of "The juridical and legal investigation of insurance" intends to raise some generalities as to insurance contract and the sorts of it, and also with due attention to various viewpoints probes the general viewpoints of the lawyers and jurisconsults.To achieve this purpose, first of all the necessary references were selected and studied that accompanied with note taking. In this study, the analysis of findings is based on inductive-analytical method. This study consists of three parts, chapters, and sections and some defects have been revealed that recommendations have been suggested to ameliorate the present circumstances. The most important achievements of this study pertains: a- from legal viewpoint, insurance is a contract whereby, for specified consideration, one party undertakes to compensate the other for a loss relating to a particular subject as a result of the occurrence of designated hazards in lieu of receiving certain amount. b- Insurance contract on the strength of "binding principle" is obligatory, that is, when the parties enter into a contract it is valid and binds the parties, that is, one of them cannot terminate the contract without an agreement.

ABSTRACT: Tourism is creation within the specific spatial framework pattern. So, one of the most exquisite spatial patterns is war tourism. Existence the war attractions in the context of operational areas and especially in the western and southern borders of Iran such as Ilam can be a rich source to tourist destination, preservation of holy war spiritual values and transfer it to the future generations. In order to, the aims of this research are including of protection the 8 years holy war worth attractions as the spiritual heritage in the intra and inter generations and organized to the operation and development management of them for the development of tourism market in the context of society and even foreign tourists. Applied methodology is descriptive-analytical, based on literature review, documentary, field studies and questionnaire. Sample size for this research was choose between 150 tourists randomly who they have traveled to Ilam in the 2010 and we have distribution some questionnaires between them. In continues, data analysis were done using descriptive– presumption statistical methods and factor analysis. Results showed that four factors can explain more than 63% of total variance for variables. With proper planning about these four factors, Ilam province can be converted into the greatest destination of war tourism.

ABSTRACT: The war history is the history of human life. Throughout history is occurred many wars on the basis of religion. Religion as an important factor in the realm of human life have and has special role in the human history. One of the important parts of sending prophets and scriptures have been the removal of the disagreement in the human society. On the other hand, the religion itself due to its content have been a key factor in many wars. Meaning that, the peaceful message of religion has not agreement and compatibility with the benefits of most of the riches and rebellious of history, as a result are trying to prevent of the emergence of religion and the appearance of religious symbols. Look at the history of religions and the great prophets makes clear this point as well. Against the entrenchment and the rebellion of opponents is not remain a way except war and defense. Most of the orientalists are mentioned the goal of wars and the expeditions of prophet his political and economic domination and in this regard are mentioned objectives like the earning of property and livelihood, the spread of Islam, the eradication of opponents and so on. But, a comprehensive and full research from resources especially Quran verses and the biography of prophet is indicated that these wars not only was not for aggression and the violence motivation, but also was against the threats and perfidy of offenders and more had defensive aspect.

ABSTRACT: Small and middle towns have caused creation of various economic and social fields in local areas which consequently led to reduce the migrations and shift them to larger urban centers. Small towns with playing the role of rural penetration central market, while providing the services in this area, considered as an important stimulus in the strengthening and consolidation of surrounding rural areas. According to demographic changes in recent decades which have caused further increasing of number of small towns, it has been necessary to focus on the role of these towns in the hierarchical order of country and economical functions in surrounding areas. The aim of this study was determining the basic economy of small town of Bahar as a one of the small towns of Hamadan province. Also specifying the role of this town in the regional development and balance of other towns in the province. Research method is descriptive and analytical survey by using spatial coefficient or (L.Q). Results and findings show the important role of small towns in the area. If this town is improving, it could prevent the irregular migration to the metropolis, marginalization, slums and such problems. Also it caused to urban decentralization greatly. On the other hand this town can improve rural areas which have agriculture basic economy and eventually led to establish balance in the region.

ABSTRACT: The importance of transport section, as one of the most important effective infrastructure parts in economic, social and cultural development plans, is quite clear. So that, in addition to the economic aspects of transportation, such as income and employment, transportation, it has major importance in regional and national development and providing national security. Existence of traffic problems in cities is a problem which unfortunately has not been considered enough by the city management, however, the problem of traffic, damages and harms the economy of the country and city irreparably. On the other hand, this problem causes disruption of the urban environment, a variety of different pollution in the city, wasting time of citizens and in general, low quality of life. Bahar city is one of cities which are currently involved with many of the traffic phenomena, due to the rapid growth of the population density, a significant increase in number of vehicles, poor road conditions, etc. (because of the rural-urban nature). This fact says that existence of supervision and regulation of transport and traffic in the city is necessary, therefore, in this study, in order to optimize urban transportation and traffic, using descriptive-analytical method and in form of document library studying method, it has been paid to offering practical solutions such as, Geometric correction of roads and intersections, lining pedestrian crossings, identifying lighted intersections situations and in general, immunization, streamlining and increasing speed of movement of pedestrians and vehicles in the city, in the fields of decision-making to optimize transport and traffic of Bahar city, in order to achieve the sustainable city.

ABSTRACT: Historically, counterclaim has its roots in Roman law. The root of counterclaim in Iranian law goes back to Roman law through the adoption of French Civil Procedure Code 1806. Legislators, especially in the rights of Iran, France and the England, usually have two main objectives by establishment counterclaim procedure; the final goal has been the prevention of social and economic losses, especially in the maintenance of public order in justice of resolution of hostility. These two objectives are prevention of repetition and renewal claims and avoidance of possible conflicts of laws. Defendant’s goal for the rise of counterclaim differs from the objectives of the law. Defendant raises counterclaim to earn and defend something beyond the claimant. In addition to studying counterclaim situation in Iran and France and England, this article analyzes the concept of counterclaim and its types.

ABSTRACT: Feasible solutions of Bilevel programming (BLP) problem have to satisfy the optimality conditions of a lower level optimization problem which is defined as part of its constraints. Multiobjective BLP (MOBLP) problems are the special case of BLP problems with multiple objectives at the upper level which require every feasible solution to satisfy the Pareto optimality conditions of a lower level multiobjective optimization problem. In this paper, we introduce a Goal Programming (GP) approach for finding a preferred solution of linear MOBLP problem. The proposed approach requires the leader (decision maker at the upper level) to set goals for each objective that he/she wishes to attain. A preferred solution is then defined as the one which minimizes the deviations from the set of goals. Numerical example is provided to illustrate the approach.

ABSTRACT: Bilevel programming (BLP) problems are hierarchical optimization problems having a parametric optimization problem as part of their constraints. For solving linear BLP problems, Glackin et al. (2009) used the relationship between linear BLP problems and multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) along with results for minimizing a linear objective over the efficient set of an MOLP problem. This paper proposes an improvement to the algorithm proposed by them. The proposed algorithm, similar to Glackin et al’s approach, uses simplex pivots on an expanded tableau for moving on the extreme efficient points of an MOLP problem. But, against the enumeration method of them, our approach uses the optimal solution of a quadratic programming (QP) problem to leave local optimum of BLP problem. Numerical example is provided to illustrate the approach.

ABSTRACT: Controversies exist on the association of dairy fat content with cardio-metabolic status. We aimed to explore the relationship of the type of consumed milk with body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. This study was conducted on 14880 students, aged 6-18 years, selected by multistage random cluster sampling from 30 provinces of Iran. In addition to completing questionnaires on demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits, physical examination was conducted. The type of milk used by participants was categorized by two ways: i. as non-pasteurized milk (NPM), low-fat pasteurized and high-fat pasteurized milks (LFPM, HFPM) and ii. As high fat milk (HFM, which consisted of NPM+HFPM) and low fat milk (LFM).Three models of binary logistic regression test were applied. The study had a participation rate of 90.6%; 13,486 students (75.6% urban, 50.8% boys) with mean age (SD) of 12.47 (3.36) years completed the study. After adjusting for confounders, we found statistically significant decrease in the risk of overweight/obesity in consumers of NPM and HFPM in comparison to LFPM users and in HFM consumers in comparison to LFM users. We found increase in the risk of diastolic hypertension (HTN) only in HFPM consumers in comparison to LFPM users, respectively. However HFM showed non-significant relation to blood pressure status compared to LFM. Our findings propose that in relation to cardio-metabolic risk, the quality of fat in milk (intact natural or un-intact) might be more important than the amount of fat.

ABSTRACT: The researches were conducted on samples from three administrative regions located in the eastern part of Romania. The purpose of the study was establishing the prevalence of PRRS virus in wild boar. In Romania, wild boar biotope is represented by hill forest environment. The feral population of wild boar does not have a well delimitated areal, it visits various feeding grounds. We strongly believe that infections in wild boar originated in pasture raised pigs due to the feeding areas overlap. All samples were collected during wild boar hunting season from pieces harvested by hunting. Serum was stored at minus 200 C till the final evaluation with IDEXX kit HerdCeck PRRSx3, for antibodies to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. From 92 samples, 24 were positive fact recorded for the first time in Romania, indicating reservoir role played by these animals.

ABSTRACT: This paper aims at explore the working of a 16-bit Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) 24F series microcontroller using MPLAB IDE and Proteus Professional software. PICs are cost-effective microcontrollers and provide a large number of applications in educational and industrial areas. 16-bit PIC microcontrollers are not explored to the best potential for their hands on experience in educational and industrial sectors. The research work demonstrates the functioning different sections of the microcontroller. Firstly Ports A and B are initialized to use for Input-Output (I/O) interfacing. Then timers are briefly explained and simulated for specific applications. Basic methodology of calling interrupts is defined using simulations. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is generated using Output Compare Module (OCM) of microcontroller. Interfacing of the microcontroller with Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Keypad through I/O ports is presented and finally Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) based asynchronous serial communication at 115200 baud rate through PIC microcontroller is done in Proteus.

ABSTRACT: This publication presents a relation computation or calculus for international relations using a mathematical modeling. It examined trust for international relations and its calculus, which related to Bayesian inference, Dempster-Shafer theory and subjective logic. Based on an observation in the literature, we found no literature discussing the calculus method for the international relations. To bridge this research gap, we propose a relation algebra method for international relations computation. The proposed method will allow a relation computation which is previously subjective and incomputable. We also present three international relations as case studies to demonstrate the proposed method is a real-world scenario. The method will deliver the relation computation for the international relations that to support decision makers in a government such as foreign ministry, defense ministry, presidential or prime minister office. The Department of Defense (DoD) may use our method to determine a nation that can be identified as a friendly, neutral or hostile nation.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the effect of organizational cynicism on deviant behaviors of employees. The statistical population of the study consisted of 136 employees in the Organization for Economic Affairs and Finance of Kerman Province. Organizational cynicism questionnaire was used to assess the organizational cynicism. The questionnaire measured three dimensions of belief, feeling and behavior. Deviant behaviors including the production deviance, political deviance, property deviance, and personal invasion were assessed by the questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the research questionnaires were approved prior to use. The statistical tests of SPSS software were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the organizational cynicism and deviant behaviors of employees and among the dimensions of organizational cynicism, cynical behavior is most correlated with deviant behaviors of employees. It was also found that the belief and cynical behavior predict the deviant behaviors of employees positively but the cynical feeling does not have the ability to predict the deviant behaviors and so was eliminated from this study model. At the end, the research suggestions were mentioned.

ABSTRACT: Discussing the issues regarding the specifications of higher education as the climax of higher education system is very important. In this regard, studying the historical background of changes in higher education could create a basis for a comprehensive and dynamic system in this area. The present study conducted a comparative investigation on the turning points, operators, obstacles and principles of changes and reform process of higher education system of Iran, Japan, Sweden and Germany using Isaac Candle method concluded that it’s necessary to move toward lack educational centrism, having internal academic quality control mechanism instead of external committees , participation of all higher education system beneficiaries in educational changes process, continuity of educational reforms according to original researches, legal legislation verifications and executive guarantees of these laws, educational reforms and changes management considering the cultural, economic and social conditions and according to a general overview of the historical and programming background in order to internationalize the higher education and move it towards the improvement and upgrading of performance quality of academic systems.

ABSTRACT : Unlike western developed countries, developing countries in Asia such as Malaysia has started to establish mega shopping mall centres in the recent decades. This study focused on the influence of socio demographic factors on patrons’ preference for interior landscape of shopping mall. Three dimensions namely green, business, and seating dimensions were identified, besides the effect of gender, age, income, ethnicity, house type, and usual spent time on preference dimensions were tested. The results showed no significant between gender groups. The other factors such as age, income, ethnicity, house types, and spent time groups had significant different effect on people preferences towards the three dimensions in shopping mall. The findings showed as the age and income level go up people prefer green dimension more.In other word, younger visitors like to see more business features rather than green and seating features. In addition, the results portrayed that green features received most preference from those spend more than 4 hours in shopping malls.

ABSTRACT: In this study anodic behavior of Aluminum 5083 through Tafel polarization test in welded Structure has been explored. Al 5083 as a base welded metal and alloy 5183 as filling metal have been used. Tafel polarization test is done by Potentiostat. This test has been done individually in two areas of 0.3 cm2 welding point and welding- affected zones. Voltage range is between . Results show that corrosion in sodium chloride neutral solution is the lowest and in alkaline solution is the highest. Weld nugget conditions of corrosion is much better than that of the heat-affected zone. Main factor of Al alloy 5083 corrosion in contact with solutions is related to local corrosion around cathodic precipitates in alloy.

ABSTRACT: For this study, Hardness with concentration of 50, 100, 150, 200 mg per liter in water were prepared. Each of these levels is made under the influence of a magnetic field with different intensity were both 5 and 10 minutes. For this purpose, magnetic fields with different intensity 4, 6, 8, 10, 20 mT in the space of 5 minutes and again with 10, 20, 50, 70 and 100 mT at 10 minutes. Results show indicated that when the time increased to 10 minutes to remove the hardness of the water .

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the legal and institutional capacity of public supervision (enjoining good and forbidding wrong) in the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the challenges in its systemizing and implementation. Article VIII of the constitution recognizes ''enjoining good and forbidding wrong'' as a general duty in the Islamic Republic, among people and between people and the government, and also the explicit command of the Holy Quran is considered as the basis of this decree. Data of this study was analytic and descriptive and by using library resources. In this article, various methods of public supervision is introduced, including people supervision on government, government supervision on people and people supervision on people. The results showed that, despite legislation protecting of those who order and forbid wrong, there is a strong legal and institutional vacuum that can coordinate among the three branches and other bodies in charge of implementation of enjoining good and forbidding wrong. The citizens do not show much interest because of other challenges such as specific attitude and behavior of some people, non-recognized duties of those who order and non-determined examples of good and the bad with regard to its scope, and the lack of legislation in some instances, such as unimportant morality.

ABSTRACT: Good governance is the result of a free and fair society. This means that this governance is accepted by all members of the community, in such a community a balance should be made among various and different elements, such as democracy, government lawfulness and the rule of law, and fair attribute to ensure respecting human rights and fundamental freedoms. And provided that the rights and freedoms of anybody are violated by the government, he/she could ask for justice in the independent and impartial courts. Free community, is a community ruled by public opinion manifested in the mass media, in which the power committers have come to power in a free and backend manner and through process of democracy and free and fair election, and act within their legal authority framework. Good governance is the right of every human being and all human beings and people deserve this right, the right that is monitored and implemented in the form of compiled and international(universal and regional) documents which are recognized by the international community and institutions as well as collective actions. Committed to such a right is the government. So, the government's commitment in this case is an ERGA OMNES commitment.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is investigating the Effect of predicting Pecuniary Currents on reducing the Accruals incorrect Pricing in firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. For achieving this purpose, three Hypotheses have considered. To test these hypotheses, a sample of 183 companies were selected among the accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2008 to 2015 using systematic elimination method, and multivariate regression model were used in synthetic data method. Furthermore, Eviews8 software was used for statistical analysis. The purpose of this study is investigating the Effect of predicting Pecuniary Currents on reducing the Accruals incorrect Pricing in firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. For achieving this purpose, three Hypotheses have considered. The results of Research Hypothesis show that there is not significant effect between predicting Pecuniary Currents and reducing the accruals incorrect Pricing. Also detailing accruals components showed that predicting pecuniary currents doesn’t have significant ineffective in reducing mandatory and optional accruals incorrect pricing in firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange.

ABSTRACT: One of the important issues for capital market growth and development is establishing general knowledge related to the process of stock pricing such as shares and the factors that are effective on price and interactions size, and interpretation of important events such as announcing capital growth through providing new shares. The Purpose of this study is Investigating the effect of ownership structure on price`s ratio to share profit In the listed Firms in Tehran Stock Exchange at during time 2011- 2015.this research in terms of purpose is applied research and in terms of methodology is descriptive- correlational research .this study is included one main Hypothesis and four minor Hypotheses. For testing the Research hypotheses, by using the multivariate linear regression test in a synthetic manner (year-company) has been used. Research findings show that there is a relationship between ownership structure standards (juridical stockholders ownership percentage, the biggest stockholder ownership percentage and ownership percentage of more than 5 percent stockholders of the company) and price`s ratio to share profit. Also the results show that there is not any relationship between Actual stockholders ownership percentage and P/E ratio. Results are still standing with Company`s size variables and financial leverage.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is investigating the Effect of Capital Structure on the Activities Continuation of listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The Sampling methodology is systematic removal and this method used by 50 companies as sample size in listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange that financial statements have been audited in period of time is from 2008 to 2013. For testing the research hypotheses were used by multiple linear regression models and method of data analyzing is cross-sectional data and reviews of the year. The results of this research show that in the end, according to the results of testing for regression, Pearson correlation coefficient and unit root test, this study has got these results that amount of changes in the dependent variable, it means that Activities Continuation by Capital Structure, according to the coefficient of determination adjusted (R2 = 0.47378), it is equal to 47 percent. It means that with combine of capital structure (Financial leverage, Return on equity (ROE), Growth opportunities) can predict Activities Continuation by using the Ehelson formula.

ABSTRACT: This current study has done to investigate the relationship between marketing integrated communications, brand image and loyalty to brand in Customers and employees of food industry companies in Sanandaj city. The statistical population in this study is consists of Customers and employees in the food industry companies in Sanandaj city which 384 people is as the sample size of Customers and 37 people is as sample size of employees, by using the Cochran formula with method of available and simple random sampling were selected. For collecting data by method of Questionnaires were used, questionnaires selected in this study were standard. Data with statistical programs in both descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed. The reliability of questionnaires with Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated and these coefficients for questionnaires marketing integrated communications, brand image and brand loyalty respectively was equal to 0.788, 0.754 and 0.717. All Hypotheses at level of 95% confidence were confirmed and the results showed that among of main Hypotheses, the relationship between monolithic communications of marketing with brand image in compared with amount of integrated marketing communications with brand loyalty is stronger. The results of the Minor hypotheses showed that sale promotion on brand image in the first rank and sale promotion on brand loyalty in the second rank, direct marketing on brand image in third rank, advertising on brand image in fourth rank, advertising on brand loyalty in fifth rank, public relations on brand loyalty in sixth rank, public relations on brand image in seventh rank, direct marketing on brand loyalty in eighth rank and the last rank have located.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on service quality commitment through the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior in an integrated model and empirical study of its theoretical basis. This research is based on the goal of the research is applied. In this study, questionnaires were used to collect the information and the reliability of the questionnaire through Cronbach's alpha was calculated and used questionnaires are "committed to working with the reliability of the questionnaire "0/766", organizational citizenship behavior Podsakoff with the reliability "0/846", SERVQUAL service quality questionnaire with reliability "0/960" also search for normality of data distribution from K-S test was used and to study the homogeneity of variance Levene test statistic is used then after determining the parametric hypotheses were tested for normality of society and to test the hypotheses, Pearson correlation coefficient was used. the population used in this study consisted of 530 employees of the Standards and industrial Research of Iran. According to the results of research on the attitudes and role clarity can be positive as it will increase employee engagement and effective policies., But conflict is not and cannot communicate with a commitment to policies through political commitment to increase or decrease. Component examined five different dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior by Oregon, including propriety (courtesy), conscientiousness altruism, civic virtue, the chivalry people" as a positive influence on the quality of their services and can increase it.

ABSTRACT: Effective use of social networks is one of the key components in developing marketing. Nowadays customers are continuously changing their behaviors in line with technology and economic environment of the world. They attain a large amount of information, are informed of the available products, and accordingly change their buying tool. Therefore business resorts to correcting and in some cases changing marketing strategies to accommodate with changes and behaviors of the customers. Given the increasing growth of using social networks, one can present modern, purposeful, and appropriate methods for instrumental development of marketing in the wake of presenting novel plans and ideas in this field and the field of providing services.The purpose of current study is to investigate as well as prioritize effective factors in the development of marketing within local social network. To attain this aim, the required data was collected by means of questionnaire and inquiring 384 people residing in different regions of Tehran, Iran's capital randomly. As far as research purpose and research methodology are concerned, the following research can be classified as applied and descriptive research respectively. Research findings indicated that all factors in marketing development in local areas are effective in social networks, but are not of equal importance .Effective factors in developing marketing within social network can be ordered as follow in terms of their possible importance: Presence of progressive virtual communications, fulfilling the security of users' information, finding the desired customers, appropriate infrastructure, presenting free services, improving the ranking in searching engines, the number of users, easy access. and finally presenting amazing and applicable services.

ABSTRACT: The subject of the present review investigation carried out research on the rights of the child in view of the Quran, the Prophet of Islam and the infallible imams (a.s.). This study is due to the type of application and to run in the form of descriptive and has documents. From the perspective of the Prophet, the child has the right to human dignity and has the owner's inventory and inventory available to parents only and not under it. The social rights of the child, as well as about the special emphasis of the Qur'an and the Prophet is. The present research of text can be inferred that the Quran and the tradition of his rights to the child and all the different stages of growth and is even before birth and fetal period. In the period after the birth of the child custody case as well not survive infancy and serious attention is the Quran and even in case of death of the parents or the divorce has been issued punishments. From the perspective of the Qur'an is obligatory and included in the rights of children, the education because the parents ' behavior in the presence of a child and his upbringing has been influential, Lord it in the path to exact full measure, responsible for the children and their parents will take the child to the right way to guidance.

ABSTRACT: One of the main presuppositions of agency theory is the fact that firm managers as 'employees' and shareholders as 'employers' have benefit controversies and managers do not make decisions necessarily to benefit shareholders. Accordingly this result in creating an opaque reporting environment for the investors and it affects stock value. Thus, the present research is going to investigate about the effect of institutional shareholders on the stock price crash risk and stock price synchronicity. In this research 152 firms enlisted in Tehran Stock Exchange were investigated during the time period between 2008 and 2013. To test the hypotheses we have used panel linear regression models and logistic non-linear models. The research findings showed that institutional shareholders affect stock price crash risk negatively and meaningfully but institutional investors did not affect stock price synchronicity meaningfully.

ABSTRACT: In today world which main shipments and trades are performed by the sea, having powerful and applicable laws for specific legal situations is necessary. In spite of what is included in international regulations and standards concerning transportation of cargo at sea, there are still some defects and problems with such regulations to provide security and interests of the effected countries as well as protecting environment in case of transportation of nuclear and radioactive cargos. Thus, the goal of this study is examining legal aspects of transportation of nuclear cargo by the sea, laws governing them, the effects of such transportations on coast states and environment as well as strategies for providing maritime security in case of nuclear transportation. The research method used is that of analytic-descriptive. The result obtained is that limiting freedom of navigation on transportation of nuclear cargo is not the case rather it requires an international or regional (powerful and effective) agreements and appropriate approaches.

ABSTRACT: Segmenting market segmentation leads to identification of opportunity of producing new products, designing marketing plans to obtain homogeneous groups of consumer and process of allocating strategically marketing resources. According to the importance of segmentation and its profits and few researches in correct market segmentation and lack of proportion to Iranian patterns, this study attempted to find the most common food purchase pattern in proportion to consumer's characteristics of Iranian market. This study aims to segment prepared food consumers. The sample data was gathered by convenience non probability sampling has from 384 urban households consuming food in Qom (Iran). To segment, dandrogram (tree diagram) and hierarchical cluster analysis wereused to identify the number of optimum clusters and K-means cluster analysis was used to obtain the end centres of clusters. Also, changes of accumulation coefficient, one-way analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were used after experiment to assess the number of cluster optimum. According to results, five clusters have been identified. The fifth cluster was the biggest part of market in number and fourth cluster was in the highest condition of the end centre of cluster in septet criteria of clustering.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of stock portfolio of oil pension fund using value at risk (VAR) model. In this study, exchange activities of Iran Oil Pension Fund Investment Co. (OPIC) have been considered as the population of the study. Regarding the method, the present research is a case study in which the mentioned investment data during the years 2005 to 2009 have been used. In this study, data collection has been carried out by referring to OPIC as well as the Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO). Needed information on the securities existing in the mentioned portfolio is extracted through Rahavard Novin software and for classification of information as well as the covariance matrix, Excel spreadsheet is used. For initial solution of VAR model and the traditional model of Markowitz, first Gams and then Matlab technical computing software are used.As the present research is a case study, instead of hypothesis research questions are posed. The main question: "How is the performance of stock portfolio of oil pension fund is assessed using value at risk (VAR) model?" Sub-questions: (1. Do the weights obtained after the implementation of VAR model have significant differences with the weights of actual portfolio? 2. How are the risk and return of the actual portfolio assessed compared with the results obtained from VAR model? 3. What are the obtained results from the comparison of return and risk of optimal portfolio of Markowitz traditional model with VAR model?).The obtained results show that, as the main vision and approach of the research is to evaluate the performance on the basis of value at risk, it is better that the evaluation be based on relative standard VAR / returns, in which case the proposed portfolio by VAR model gets the highest amount.

ABSTRACT : The present research discusses the reasons why overdue claims of Bank Maskan are increasing and offers some recommendations. The statistical population of this research is the employees of Bank Maskan in Ardabil Province, out of which 96 persons were selected as samples. Questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results of collected datawere analyzed in the frame of a descriptive test using SPSS. The results suggest that the most influential intra-organizational factors on matured and overdue claims include inaccurate assessment of projects, weakness of precise ranking of customers, qualitative weakness of processes and assessment procedure, lack of adequate surveillance on use of the facilities. The most influential extra-organizational factors on post maturity and overdue claims include: obligation of Bank Maskan to grant imposed facilities for worn out urban texture and MaskanMehr, instability of macro economy, challenges of imperative interest rate determination, judicial and legal inefficiencies. Friedman test showed that the preformed rating was meaningful. And hypothesis test showed that extra-organizational factors further affect increasing deferred payments compared to intra-organizational ones.